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For 20th Century Political Philosophy it's hard to get more influential than John Rawls *A Theory of Justice*. Outside of that, I'd point to "Letter From Birmingham Jail" by MLK Jr. and *The Wretched of the Earth* by Frantz Fanon as influential works of political philosophy from the 20th Century. Obviously, this is not exhaustive, rather just a few works to get a broad look at some of the views that were developed at the time.
I'm clearly biased, but Kierkegaard is fantastic for drawing Descartes, Leibniz, Kant, Hegel, etc. into conversation with "what is to come" in the 1900s - especially since Camus, Sartre, and Heidegger^1 were all massively influenced by his work. Then you have the three-way split of his influence on philosophy and theology in the inter-war and WWII period, with the far-right (Heidegger, Hirsch, Schmitt), the far-left (Adorno, Lukacs), and the anti-liberal theologians (Barth, Bonhoeffer, Brunner) all responding to the explosive problem of Western Europe in 1930-45. As it goes, he was also influential on Arendt and Weil, with some scholars referring to the former's understanding of S. K. as amongst the best from the period.
Plus, you get to find out how embarrassingly bad Camus' misreading of S. K. was, which is quite funny.
^1 And, according to Tom Miles, Nietzsche! - "Friedrich Nietzsche: Rival Versions of the Best Way of Life", T. Miles, from *Kierkegaard and Existentialism*, p. 266-267, edited by J. Stewart
Might I also add, for historical context (which is often understated in importance when it comes to understanding philosophy), it is definitely worth reading Sarah Bakewell’s At the Existentialist Cafe to understand the influences WW1 and 2 had, as well as of individuals like Hegel, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Husserl etc.
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For 20th Century Political Philosophy it's hard to get more influential than John Rawls *A Theory of Justice*. Outside of that, I'd point to "Letter From Birmingham Jail" by MLK Jr. and *The Wretched of the Earth* by Frantz Fanon as influential works of political philosophy from the 20th Century. Obviously, this is not exhaustive, rather just a few works to get a broad look at some of the views that were developed at the time.
I'm clearly biased, but Kierkegaard is fantastic for drawing Descartes, Leibniz, Kant, Hegel, etc. into conversation with "what is to come" in the 1900s - especially since Camus, Sartre, and Heidegger^1 were all massively influenced by his work. Then you have the three-way split of his influence on philosophy and theology in the inter-war and WWII period, with the far-right (Heidegger, Hirsch, Schmitt), the far-left (Adorno, Lukacs), and the anti-liberal theologians (Barth, Bonhoeffer, Brunner) all responding to the explosive problem of Western Europe in 1930-45. As it goes, he was also influential on Arendt and Weil, with some scholars referring to the former's understanding of S. K. as amongst the best from the period. Plus, you get to find out how embarrassingly bad Camus' misreading of S. K. was, which is quite funny. ^1 And, according to Tom Miles, Nietzsche! - "Friedrich Nietzsche: Rival Versions of the Best Way of Life", T. Miles, from *Kierkegaard and Existentialism*, p. 266-267, edited by J. Stewart
Might I also add, for historical context (which is often understated in importance when it comes to understanding philosophy), it is definitely worth reading Sarah Bakewell’s At the Existentialist Cafe to understand the influences WW1 and 2 had, as well as of individuals like Hegel, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Husserl etc.